4354635
WHU7WDGL
1
chicago-author-date
50
creator
asc
8
https://multimedia.meganlavengood.com/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
%7B%22status%22%3A%22success%22%2C%22updateneeded%22%3Afalse%2C%22instance%22%3Afalse%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22request_last%22%3A0%2C%22request_next%22%3A0%2C%22used_cache%22%3Atrue%7D%2C%22data%22%3A%5B%7B%22key%22%3A%229CI2CKAK%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4354635%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Agawu%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221991%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EAgawu%2C%20V.%20Kofi.%201991.%20%3Ci%3EPlaying%20with%20Signs%3A%20A%20Semiotic%20Interpretation%20of%20Classic%20Music%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20Princeton%3A%20University%20of%20Princeton%20Press.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Playing%20with%20Signs%3A%20A%20Semiotic%20Interpretation%20of%20Classic%20Music%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22V.%20Kofi%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Agawu%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22In%20this%20chapter%2C%20I%20should%20like%20to%20embrace%20the%20notion%20of%20topic%20head-on%2C%20and%20attempt%20a%20more%20comprehensive%20definition%20as%20well%20as%20an%20evaluation%20of%20its%20structural%20potential.%20What%20is%20a%20topic%3F%20How%20are%20topics%20perceived%3F%20Does%20every%20piece%20of%20Classic%20music%20have%20a%20topic%3F%20How%20many%20topics%20can%20a%20single%20work%20sustain%3F%20How%20are%20topics%20presented-do%20they%20unfold%20singly%20or%20can%20they%20unfold%20simultaneously%20Are%20topics%20hierarchically%20organized%3F%20What%20role%20do%20topics%20play%20in%20Classic%20music%3F%20Some%20evidence%20from%20eighteenth-century%20writings%20on%20topic%20will%20first%20be%20outlined%2C%20followed%20by%20a%20consideration%20of%20more%20recent%20discussions%20of%20the%20phenomenon.%20Then%2C%20five%20pieces%20by%20Mozart%2C%20Haydn%2C%20and%20Beethoven%20will%20be%20analyzed%20from%20the%20viewpoint%20of%20their%20topical%20content.%20A%20concluding%20section%20assesses%20the%20theoretical%20and%20analytical%20significance%20of%20this%20concept.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221991%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WHU7WDGL%22%2C%22DEUGVJDA%22%2C%22M4P2S6YD%22%2C%22PXAP5WJI%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-01-29T15%3A30%3A08Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22HZQAGE3G%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4354635%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Anatone%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EAnatone%2C%20Richard.%20Forthcoming.%20%26%23x201C%3BLeitmotivic%20Strategies%20in%20Nobuo%20Uematsu%26%23x2019%3Bs%20Final%20Fantasy%20Soundtracks.%26%23x201D%3B%20%3Ci%3EMusic%20Theory%20Spectrum%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Leitmotivic%20Strategies%20in%20Nobuo%20Uematsu%27s%20Final%20Fantasy%20Soundtracks%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Richard%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Anatone%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22This%20article%20discusses%20Nobuo%20Uematsu%5Cu2019s%20leitmotivic%20soundtracks%20to%20the%2016-bit%20Final%20Fantasy%20role-%20playing%20games.%20I%20identify%20five%20distinct%20techniques%20within%20these%20soundtracks%20whereby%20a%20game%27s%20main%20theme%20is%20musically%20connected%20to%20a%20single%20character%20theme%3A%20eponymous%20omission%2C%20motivic%20networking%2C%20thematic%20hybridization%2C%20associative%20troping%2C%20and%20the%20double%20main%20theme.%20I%20argue%20that%20these%20different%20techniques%20imply%20a%20symbolic%20connection%20between%20the%20game%5Cu2019s%20main%20literary%20theme%20and%20a%20given%20character.%20Applying%20topical%2C%20motivic%2C%20formal%2C%20and%20semiotic%20analysis%2C%20I%20examine%20the%20soundtracks%20to%20FFIV-VI%2C%20demonstrating%20how%20their%20character%20themes%2C%20though%20mostly%20non-%20transformative%2C%20still%20engage%20in%20a%20larger%20leitmotivic%20network%20of%20inter-related%20thematic%20families%20through%20their%20game-long%20motivic%20and%20topical%20development%2C%20and%20their%20interaction%20with%20the%20game%5Cu2019s%20main%20theme.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22Forthcoming%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WHU7WDGL%22%2C%22PXAP5WJI%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-08-22T18%3A22%3A42Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2274PKG69X%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4354635%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Atkinson%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019-07-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EAtkinson%2C%20Sean%20E.%202019.%20%26%23x201C%3BSoaring%20Through%20the%20Sky%3A%20Topics%20and%20Tropes%20in%20Video%20Game%20Music.%26%23x201D%3B%20%3Ci%3EMusic%20Theory%20Online%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2025%20%282%29.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.30535%5C%2Fmto.25.2.1%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.30535%5C%2Fmto.25.2.1%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Soaring%20Through%20the%20Sky%3A%20Topics%20and%20Tropes%20in%20Video%20Game%20Music%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sean%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Atkinson%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22In%20this%20article%2C%20I%20explore%20the%20analytical%20potential%20of%20musical%20topics%20and%20tropes%20in%20the%20study%20of%20video%20game%20music.%20Following%20Neumeyer%20%282015%29%2C%20Alm%5Cu00e9n%20%282008%29%2C%20and%20Hatten%20%281994%29%2C%20I%20establish%20a%20methodology%20with%20which%20to%20approach%20musical%20topics%20in%20video%20game%20music.%20By%20way%20of%20a%20case%20study%2C%20I%20begin%20by%20defining%20the%20soaring%20topic%20through%20a%20historical%20and%20cultural%20examination%20of%20flying%20in%20cinema%20and%20video%20games.%20Flying%2C%20and%20more%20specifically%20soaring%2C%20has%20been%20a%20staple%20in%20film%20from%20the%20earliest%20days%20of%20cinema%2C%20and%20the%20music%20that%20accompanies%20it%20is%20also%20found%20in%20video%20games%20that%20prominently%20feature%20flying.%20I%20then%20engage%20the%20music%20of%20flying%20sequences%20in%20two%20specific%20video%20games%2C%20Final%20Fantasy%20IV%20%281991%29%20and%20The%20Legend%20of%20Zelda%3A%20Skyward%20Sword%20%282011%29.%20The%20resulting%20analyses%20demonstrate%20that%20this%20approach%20helps%20to%20unpack%20the%20complex%20narratives%20found%20in%20video%20games.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222019%5C%2F07%5C%2F01%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.30535%5C%2Fmto.25.2.1%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fmtosmt.org%5C%2Fissues%5C%2Fmto.19.25.2%5C%2Fmto.19.25.2.atkinson.html%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22CN86XPL7%22%2C%22WHU7WDGL%22%2C%22DEUGVJDA%22%2C%22M4P2S6YD%22%2C%22PXAP5WJI%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-21T14%3A36%3A18Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22EK8US6RN%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4354635%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Bourne%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021-04-15%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBourne%2C%20Janet.%202021.%20%26%23x201C%3BHearing%20Film%20Music%20Topics%20Outside%20the%20Movie%20Theatre%3A%20Listening%20Cinematically%20to%20Pastorals.%26%23x201D%3B%20In%20%3Ci%3EThe%20Oxford%20Handbook%20of%20Cinematic%20Listening%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20by%20Janet%20Bourne%2C%20edited%20by%20Carlo%20Cenciarelli%2C%20548%26%23x2013%3B74.%20Oxford%20University%20Press.%20https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1093%5C%2Foxfordhb%5C%2F9780190853617.013.15.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22bookSection%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Hearing%20Film%20Music%20Topics%20outside%20the%20Movie%20Theatre%3A%20Listening%20Cinematically%20to%20Pastorals%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Carlo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cenciarelli%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22bookAuthor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Janet%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bourne%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Janet%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bourne%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22This%20chapter%20describes%20a%20cognitively%20informed%20framework%20based%20on%20analogy%20for%20theorizing%20cinematic%20listening%3B%20in%20this%20case%2C%20it%20tests%20the%20hypothesis%20that%20contemporary%20listeners%20might%20use%20associations%20learned%20from%20film%20music%20topics%20to%20make%20sense%20of%20western%20art%20music%20%28WAM%29.%20Using%20the%20pastoral%20topic%20as%20a%20case%20study%2C%20a%20corpus%20of%20film%20scores%20from%201980%5Cu20132014%20determines%20common%20associations%20for%20this%20topic%20based%20on%20imagery%2C%20emotion%2C%20and%20narrative%20contexts.%20Then%2C%20the%20chapter%20outlines%20potential%20narratives%20a%20modern%20moviegoer%20might%20make%20by%20listening%20%5Cu201ccinematically%5Cu201d%20to%20a%20Sibelius%20movement.%20The%20hypothesis%20is%20empirically%20tested%20through%20an%20experiment%20where%20participants%20record%20their%20imagined%20narratives%20and%20images%20while%20listening%20to%20WAM%20and%20film%20music.%20The%20meaning%20extraction%20method%2C%20a%20statistical%20analysis%20for%20identifying%20associational%20themes%2C%20is%20used%20to%20analyze%20people%5Cu2019s%20responses.%22%2C%22bookTitle%22%3A%22The%20Oxford%20Handbook%20of%20Cinematic%20Listening%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021-04-15%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22978-0-19-085361-7%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Foxfordhandbooks.com%5C%2Fview%5C%2F10.1093%5C%2Foxfordhb%5C%2F9780190853617.001.0001%5C%2Foxfordhb-9780190853617-e-15%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WHU7WDGL%22%2C%22DEUGVJDA%22%2C%22V4RF3XZX%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-08-16T15%3A23%3A20Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%225VU5DM7D%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4354635%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Bribitzer-Stull%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBribitzer-Stull%2C%20Matthew.%202015.%20%26%23x201C%3BThe%20Modern-Day%20Leitmotif%3A%20Associative%20Themes%20in%20Contemporary%20Film%20Music.%26%23x201D%3B%20In%20%3Ci%3EUnderstanding%20the%20Leitmotif%3A%20From%20Wagner%20to%20Hollywood%20Film%20Music%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20255%26%23x2013%3B300.%20Cambridge%3A%20Cambridge%20University%20Press.%20https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1017%5C%2FCBO9781316161678.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22bookSection%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20Modern-Day%20Leitmotif%3A%20Associative%20Themes%20in%20Contemporary%20Film%20Music%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Matthew%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bribitzer-Stull%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Since%20thematic%20composition%20for%20films%20emerged%20from%20the%20art%20music%20tradition%2C%20we%20shall%20begin%20our%20foray%20into%20the%20topic%20of%20leitmotif%20in%20film%20music%20with%20a%20brief%20overview%20of%20this%20historical%20development%2C%20exploring%20thereafter%20its%20intimate%20%5Cu2013%20some%20would%20say%20inevitable%20%5Cu2013%20relationship%20to%20the%20Wagnerian%20Gesamtkunstwerk.%20We%20conclude%20with%20a%20series%20of%20examples%20that%20follow%20both%20the%20Wagnerian%20model%5Cu2019s%20transformation%20types%20and%20their%20dicent%20associations.%20Apart%20from%20the%20absence%20of%20leitmotivic%20combinations%20in%20counterpoint%20%5Cu2013%20true%20counterpoint%20based%20on%20dissonance%20treatment%20being%2C%20perhaps%2C%20the%20most%20significant%20distinction%20between%20the%20bulk%20of%20tonal%20popular%20music%20of%20the%20last%20few%20decades%20and%20the%20concert%20music%20of%20the%20commonpractice%20period%20%5Cu2013%20all%20of%20the%20typical%20Wagnerian%20developmental%20techniques%20are%20found%20readily%20throughout%20the%20film-score%20repertory.%22%2C%22bookTitle%22%3A%22Understanding%20the%20Leitmotif%3A%20From%20Wagner%20to%20Hollywood%20Film%20Music%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22978-1-316-16167-8%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Febooks.cambridge.org%5C%2Fref%5C%2Fid%5C%2FCBO9781316161678%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WHU7WDGL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-08-22T18%3A33%3A39Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%225L2CFK9G%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4354635%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Buhler%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBuhler%2C%20James.%202018.%20%26%23x201C%3BCritical%20Theory%20and%20the%20Soundtrack.%26%23x201D%3B%20In%20%3Ci%3ETheories%20of%20the%20Soundtrack%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20187%26%23x2013%3B220.%20New%20York%3A%20Oxford%20University%20Press.%20https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1093%5C%2Foso%5C%2F9780199371075.001.0001.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22bookSection%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Critical%20Theory%20and%20the%20Soundtrack%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22James%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Buhler%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Critical%20theory%20covers%20a%20wide%20range%20of%20interpretive%20methods%2C%20including%20under%20its%20rubric%20many%20of%20the%20most%20signi%20cant%20trends%20of%20recent%20scholarship.%20Chapter%207%20considers%20general%20issues%20of%20critical%20theories%20and%20the%20soundtrack.%20The%20rst%20part%20looks%20at%20the%20origins%20of%20critical%20theory%20in%20Marxism%2C%20the%20analysis%20of%20ideology%2C%20postcolonialism%2C%20and%20issues%20of%20labor.%20The%20largest%20portion%20of%20this%20section%20examines%20the%20theory%20of%20musical%20topics%20and%20subjects%20the%20concept%20of%20musical%20topic%20to%20ideological%20critique.%20The%20second%20part%20of%20the%20chapter%20contains%20a%20lengthy%20discussion%20of%20how%20debates%20over%20gender%20and%20sexuality%20have%20in%20uenced%20thinking%20about%20the%20soundtrack.%22%2C%22bookTitle%22%3A%22Theories%20of%20the%20Soundtrack%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22978-0-19-937107-5%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Foxford.universitypressscholarship.com%5C%2F10.1093%5C%2Foso%5C%2F9780199371075.001.0001%5C%2Foso-9780199371075%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WHU7WDGL%22%2C%22DEUGVJDA%22%2C%22M4P2S6YD%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-08-22T19%3A42%3A14Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%224GVWDFR2%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4354635%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Burke%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBurke%2C%20Kevin%20R.%202023.%20%26%23x201C%3BHard%20Limitations%20and%20Soft%20Possibilities%3A%20A%20%26%23x2018%3BSystematic%26%23x2019%3B%20History%20of%20Early%20Video%20Game%20Sound%20Technology.%26%23x201D%3B%20In%20%3Ci%3EThe%20Oxford%20Handbook%20of%20Video%20Game%20Music%20and%20Sound%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20edited%20by%20Mark%20Nicholas%20Grimshaw-Aagaard%20and%20William%20Gibbons.%20New%20York%3A%20Oxford%20University%20Press.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22bookSection%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Hard%20Limitations%20and%20Soft%20Possibilities%3A%20A%20%5Cu201cSystematic%5Cu201d%20History%20of%20Early%20Video%20Game%20Sound%20Technology%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kevin%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Burke%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mark%20Nicholas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Grimshaw-Aagaard%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22William%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gibbons%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22This%20chapter%20presents%20an%20analytical%20approach%20to%20early%20video%20game%20sound%20that%20incorporates%20both%20the%20history%20of%20hardware%20limitations%20and%20the%20innovative%20software%20that%20shaped%20distinct%20styles%20among%20various%20developers.%20My%20use%20of%20the%20word%20%5C%22systematic%5C%22%20refers%20to%20the%20unique%20makeup%20of%20each%20gaming%20hardware.%20While%20many%20systems%20share%20similar%20sound%20components%20and%20forms%20of%20sound%20synthesis%2C%20the%20applications%20of%20the%20hardware%20are%20varied%20and%20diverse.%20I%20consider%20systematic%20composition%20in%20three%20configurations%3A%20idio-systematic%5Cu2014the%20software%20possibilities%20of%20the%20sound%20system%5Cu2019s%20primary%20functions%3B%20meta-systematic%5Cu2014the%20sound%20system%5Cu2019s%20functions%20that%20emulate%20or%20replicate%20operations%20that%20exist%20outside%20of%20the%20system%3B%20and%20cross-systematic%5Cu2014functions%20of%20the%20sound%20system%20that%20coordinate%20multiple%20sound%20sources.%20The%20range%20of%20gaming%20hardware%20reflected%20by%20this%20chapter%20includes%20four%20types%20of%20sound%20synthesis%20sources%20that%20I%20approach%20in%20detail%3A%20Programmable%20Sound%20Generators%20%5BPSG%5D%3B%20Wavetable%20Synthesis%3B%20Frequency%20Modulation%20%5BFM%5D%3B%20and%20Pulse-Code%20Modulation%20%5BPCM%5D%20samples%20paired%20with%20a%20Digital%20Signal%20Processor%20%5BDSP%5D.%20Musical%20examples%20from%20Asterix%20%28NES%29%2C%20Bloody%20Wolf%20%28Turbografx%2016%29%2C%20Verytex%20%28Sega%20Genesis%29%2C%20and%20Chrono%20Trigger%20%28SNES%29%20will%20serve%20as%20case%20studies%2C%20but%20the%20approach%20could%20apply%20to%20many%20other%20games%20and%20systems.%22%2C%22bookTitle%22%3A%22The%20Oxford%20Handbook%20of%20Video%20Game%20Music%20and%20Sound%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WHU7WDGL%22%2C%22DEUGVJDA%22%2C%22M4P2S6YD%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-03-26T14%3A36%3A00Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22SE36QM54%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4354635%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Collins%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222008%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ECollins%2C%20Karen.%202008.%20%3Ci%3EGame%20Sound%3A%20An%20Introduction%20to%20the%20History%2C%20Theory%2C%20and%20Practice%20of%20Video%20Game%20Music%20and%20Sound%20Design%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20Cambridge%2C%20MA%3A%20MIT%20Press.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.7551%5C%2Fmitpress%5C%2F7909.001.0001%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.7551%5C%2Fmitpress%5C%2F7909.001.0001%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Game%20Sound%3A%20An%20Introduction%20to%20the%20History%2C%20Theory%2C%20and%20Practice%20of%20Video%20Game%20Music%20and%20Sound%20Design%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Karen%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Collins%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22A%20distinguishing%20feature%20of%20video%20games%20is%20their%20interactivity%2C%20and%20sound%20plays%20an%20important%20role%20in%20this%3A%20a%20player%27s%20actions%20can%20trigger%20dialogue%2C%20sound%20effects%2C%20ambient%20sound%2C%20and%20music.%20And%20yet%20game%20sound%20has%20been%20neglected%20in%20the%20growing%20literature%20on%20game%20studies.%20This%20book%20fills%20that%20gap%2C%20introducing%20readers%20to%20the%20many%20complex%20aspects%20of%20game%20audio%2C%20from%20its%20development%20in%20early%20games%20to%20theoretical%20discussions%20of%20immersion%20and%20realism.%20In%20Game%20Sound%2C%20Karen%20Collins%20draws%20on%20a%20range%20of%20sources%20--%20including%20composers%2C%20sound%20designers%2C%20voice-over%20actors%20and%20other%20industry%20professionals%2C%20Internet%20articles%2C%20fan%20sites%2C%20industry%20conferences%2C%20magazines%2C%20patent%20documents%2C%20and%2C%20of%20course%2C%20the%20games%20themselves%20--%20to%20offer%20a%20broad%20overview%20of%20the%20history%2C%20theory%2C%20and%20production%20practice%20of%20video%20game%20audio.%20Game%20Sound%20has%20two%20underlying%20themes%3A%20how%20and%20why%20games%20are%20different%20from%20or%20similar%20to%20film%20or%20other%20linear%20audiovisual%20media%3B%20and%20technology%20and%20the%20constraints%20it%20has%20placed%20on%20the%20production%20of%20game%20audio.%20Collins%20focuses%20first%20on%20the%20historical%20development%20of%20game%20audio%2C%20from%20penny%20arcades%20through%20the%20rise%20of%20home%20games%20and%20the%20recent%20rapid%20developments%20in%20the%20industry.%20She%20then%20examines%20the%20production%20process%20for%20a%20contemporary%20game%20at%20a%20large%20game%20company%2C%20discussing%20the%20roles%20of%20composers%2C%20sound%20designers%2C%20voice%20talent%2C%20and%20audio%20programmers%3B%20considers%20the%20growing%20presence%20of%20licensed%20intellectual%20property%20%28particularly%20popular%20music%20and%20films%29%20in%20games%3B%20and%20explores%20the%20function%20of%20audio%20in%20games%20in%20theoretical%20terms.%20Finally%2C%20she%20discusses%20the%20difficulties%20posed%20by%20nonlinearity%20and%20interactivity%20for%20the%20composer%20of%20game%20music.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222008%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22978-0-262-27069-4%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.7551%5C%2Fmitpress%5C%2F7909.001.0001%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22L7M5J9YI%22%2C%22WHU7WDGL%22%2C%22DEUGVJDA%22%2C%22M4P2S6YD%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-01-29T15%3A31%3A24Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22MNX29JGY%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4354635%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Gibbons%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGibbons%2C%20William.%202018.%20%26%23x201C%3BPlaying%20with%20Music%20History.%26%23x201D%3B%20In%20%3Ci%3EUnlimited%20Replays%3A%20Video%20Games%20and%20Classical%20Music%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%2019%26%23x2013%3B35.%20New%20York%3A%20Oxford%20University%20Press.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22bookSection%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Playing%20with%20Music%20History%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22William%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gibbons%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22This%20chapter%20traces%20how%20classical%20music%20works%20can%20create%20a%20sense%20of%20time%20and%20place%20in%20video%20games.%20Beginning%20with%20a%20case%20study%20of%20how%20music%20establishes%20the%20eighteenth-century%20setting%20of%20Assassin%5Cu2019s%20Creed%20III%2C%20it%20then%20explores%20both%20how%20games%20build%20on%20frameworks%20of%20musical%20signi%20cation%20established%20in%20early%20cinema.%20It%20identi%20es%20games%2C%20such%20as%20Punch-Out%21%21%2C%20which%20use%20classical%20works%20to%20indicate%20a%20speci%20c%20nation%2C%20as%20well%20as%20those%20that%20do%20the%20same%20for%20chronological%20setting%2C%20such%20as%20Versailles%201685.%20The%20chapter%20culminates%20in%20a%20study%20of%20games%20in%20which%20the%20music%20is%20misleading%2C%20suggesting%20the%20%5Cu201cwrong%5Cu201d%20time%20or%20place.%22%2C%22bookTitle%22%3A%22Unlimited%20replays%3A%20video%20games%20and%20classical%20music%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%220-19-026530-2%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WHU7WDGL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-08-22T18%3A35%3A41Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22IB27P7KV%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4354635%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Klein%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222005%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EKlein%2C%20Michael%20Leslie.%202005.%20%26%23x201C%3BOn%20Codes%2C%20Topics%2C%20and%20Leaps%20of%20Interpretation.%26%23x201D%3B%20In%20%3Ci%3EIntertextuality%20in%20Western%20Art%20Music%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%2051%26%23x2013%3B76.%20Bloomington%2C%20IN%3A%20Indiana%20University%20Press.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22bookSection%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22On%20Codes%2C%20Topics%2C%20and%20Leaps%20of%20Interpretation%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%20Leslie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Klein%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Considers%20the%20significance%20of%20intertextuality%20in%2019th-%20and%2020th-c.%20instrumental%20music%2C%20borrowing%20from%20Julia%20Kristeva%20and%20Roland%20Barthes%20to%20delineate%20the%20range%20of%20musical%20intertextuality%20from%20simple%20influence%20to%20the%20open%20text.%20While%20music%20analysis%20operates%20as%20a%20form%20of%20structuralism%2C%20intertextuality%20opens%20the%20historical%20boundaries%20of%20musical%20compositions%20through%20the%20use%20of%20musical%20topics%20or%20intertextual%20codes.%22%2C%22bookTitle%22%3A%22Intertextuality%20in%20Western%20art%20music%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222005%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22978-0-253-34468-7%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WHU7WDGL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-08-22T18%3A41%3A15Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22CLFS82QP%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4354635%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Lavengood%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ELavengood%2C%20Megan%20L.%202019.%20%26%23x201C%3BTimbre%2C%20Genre%2C%20and%20Polystylism%20in%20%3Ci%3ESonic%20the%20Hedgehog%203%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%26%23x201D%3B%20In%20%3Ci%3EOn%20Popular%20Music%20and%20Its%20Unruly%20Entanglements%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20edited%20by%20Nick%20Braae%20and%20Kai%20Arne%20Hansen%2C%20209%26%23x2013%3B34.%20London%3A%20Palgrave%20Macmillan.%20https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2F978-3-030-18099-7.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22bookSection%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Timbre%2C%20Genre%2C%20and%20Polystylism%20in%20%3Ci%3ESonic%20the%20Hedgehog%203%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Megan%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lavengood%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nick%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Braae%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kai%20Arne%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hansen%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22In%20the%20soundtrack%20for%20the%20Sega%20Genesis%20game%20Sonic%20the%20Hedgehog%203%20%281994%29%2C%20the%20genres%20represented%20include%20calypso%2C%20funk%2C%20carnival%2C%20new%20wave%2C%20prog%20rock%2C%20and%20more.%20Soundtracks%20for%20video%20games%20frequently%20shift%20genres%20this%20way%2C%20to%20create%20aesthetic%20themes%20for%20different%20levels%20or%20characters.%20Turning%20toward%20an%20account%20of%20the%20game%5Cu2019s%20soundtrack%20as%20a%20unified%20and%20continuous%20work%2C%20I%20posit%20that%20the%20music%20of%20Sonic%20the%20Hedgehog%203%20might%20be%20understood%20as%20analogous%20to%20a%20series%20of%20%5Cu201csamples%5Cu201d%20within%20a%20polystylistic%20whole%2C%20following%20Leydon%202010.%20Leydon%20notes%20that%20instrumentation%20%5Cu201cbears%20the%20bulk%20of%20the%20semiotic%20burden%5Cu201d%20in%20communicating%20genre%2C%20but%20stops%20short%20of%20detailing%20how%20different%20instrumental%20timbres%20themselves%20might%20signify%20these%20genres.%20In%20my%20close%20analysis%20of%20two%20specific%20levels%20from%20Sonic%20the%20Hedgehog%203%5Cu2014Ice%20Cap%20Zone%20and%20Marble%20Garden%20Zone%5Cu2014I%20detail%20how%20timbre%2C%20as%20a%20musical%20parameter%20separate%20from%20instrumentation%2C%20can%20evoke%20specific%20intertextual%20and%20%5Cu201cextra%5Cu201d-musical%20associations%20from%20a%20listener%2C%20based%20on%20implied%20genres%20in%20the%20soundtrack.%20In%20doing%20this%2C%20I%20will%20show%20how%20timbre%2C%20a%20musical%20parameter%20that%20remains%20overlooked%20in%20a%20great%20deal%20of%20music%20analysis%2C%20might%20inform%20and%20enhance%20dialogue%20in%20music%20analyses%20of%20genre%20within%20video%20game%20music%20and%20more%20broadly.%22%2C%22bookTitle%22%3A%22On%20Popular%20Music%20and%20Its%20Unruly%20Entanglements%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22978-3-030-18098-0%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Flink.springer.com%5C%2Fchapter%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2F978-3-030-18099-7_11%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WIUP6G3H%22%2C%22WHU7WDGL%22%2C%22DEUGVJDA%22%2C%22M4P2S6YD%22%2C%2297WYTDHD%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-08-22T18%3A41%3A57Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22L35RT4RP%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4354635%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Lavengood%20and%20Williams%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ELavengood%2C%20Megan%2C%20and%20Evan%20Williams.%202023.%20%26%23x201C%3BThe%20Common%20Cold%3A%20Using%20Computational%20Musicology%20to%20Define%20the%20Winter%20Topic%20in%20Video%20Game%20Music.%26%23x201D%3B%20%3Ci%3EMusic%20Theory%20Online%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2029%20%281%29.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.30535%5C%2Fmto.29.1.0%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.30535%5C%2Fmto.29.1.0%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20Common%20Cold%3A%20Using%20Computational%20Musicology%20to%20Define%20the%20Winter%20Topic%20in%20Video%20Game%20Music%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Megan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lavengood%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Evan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Williams%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22This%20paper%20models%20a%20new%20approach%20to%20theorizing%20topics%20via%20music%20informatics.%20Whereas%20other%20topic%20theory%20research%20relies%20on%20importation%20of%20the%20topic%20from%20another%20kind%20of%20music%20%28a%20top-down%20approach%29%2C%20we%20allow%20the%20data%20to%20suggest%20its%20own%20groupings%2C%20revealing%20relationships%20that%20may%20not%20otherwise%20be%20apparent.%20Our%20case%20study%20is%20the%20winter%20topic%20as%20it%20appears%20in%20video%20game%20music.%20Like%20opera%20or%20oratorio%2C%20video%20game%20music%20leaves%20little%20ambiguity%20around%20what%20the%20music%20ought%20to%20signify.%20Video%20games%20commonly%20have%20an%20icy%20or%20snowy%20area%2C%20complete%20with%20cold-weather%20creatures%2C%20landscapes%2C%20game%20mechanics%2C%20and%20music%20for%20the%20player%20to%20encounter.%20Our%20dataset%20has%20over%20160%20examples%20of%20such%20music%2C%20representing%20games%20on%20all%20mainstream%20platforms%20%28Nintendo%2C%20PlayStation%2C%20computer%2C%20etc.%29%20and%20spanning%20the%20years%201987%5Cu20132020.%20Each%20example%20is%20tagged%20with%20its%20musical%20features.%20Using%20Python%2C%20the%20PyData%20stack%2C%20and%20standard%20data%20science%20algorithms%20like%20PageRank%20alongside%20traditional%20music%20analytical%20techniques%2C%20we%20de%5Cufb01ne%20%5Cufb01ve%20core%20characteristics%20of%20the%20winter%20topic%3A%20heavy%20reverb%2C%20arpeggiated%20textures%2C%20metallic%20percussion%20instruments%2C%20plucked%20string%20instruments%2C%20and%20omission%20of%20membranophones.%20We%20also%20relate%20winter%20as%20a%20topic%20to%20Christmas%2C%20%5Cu201980s%20music%2C%20and%20the%20waltz.%20Finally%2C%20we%20explore%20Nintendo%5Cu2019s%20idiosyncratic%20approach%20to%20winter%20music.%20Our%20study%20%5Cufb01nds%20that%20instrumentation%5Cu2014particularly%20percussion%5Cu2014and%20audio%20technology%20are%20key%20considerations%20in%20establishing%20the%20winter%20topic%20in%20video%20game%20music.%20More%20broadly%2C%20we%20demonstrate%20the%20potential%20of%20computational%20musicology%20to%20augment%20and%20complement%20traditional%20approaches%20to%20topic%20theory%2C%20whether%20in%20relation%20to%20video%20game%20music%20or%20any%20other%20repertoire.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.30535%5C%2Fmto.29.1.0%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.mtosmt.org%5C%2Fissues%5C%2Fmto.23.29.1%5C%2Fmto.23.29.1.lavengoodwilliams.html%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WHU7WDGL%22%2C%22PXAP5WJI%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-03-23T16%3A59%3A03Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22M3WWI27D%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4354635%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Lehman%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013-12-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ELehman%2C%20Frank.%202013.%20%26%23x201C%3BHollywood%20Cadences%3A%20Music%20and%20the%20Structure%20of%20Cinematic%20Expectation.%26%23x201D%3B%20%3Ci%3EMusic%20Theory%20Online%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2019%20%284%29.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fmtosmt.org%5C%2Fissues%5C%2Fmto.13.19.4%5C%2Fmto.13.19.4.lehman.html%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fmtosmt.org%5C%2Fissues%5C%2Fmto.13.19.4%5C%2Fmto.13.19.4.lehman.html%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Hollywood%20Cadences%3A%20Music%20and%20the%20Structure%20of%20Cinematic%20Expectation%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Frank%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lehman%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Cadences%20are%20one%20of%20the%20most%20powerful%20tools%20at%20a%20film%20composer%5Cu2019s%20disposal.%20The%20structure%20and%20placement%20of%20a%20cadence%20can%20shape%20the%20emotional%20arc%20of%20a%20scene%2C%20accentuate%20narratival%20information%2C%20and%20manipulate%20generic%20expectations.%20Drawing%20from%20theories%20of%20film%20genre%20and%20cadential%20definition%20from%20Altman%20%281999%29%20and%20Caplin%20%282002%29%2C%20I%20explore%20several%20cinematically%20significant%20%5Cu201ccadential%20genres%5Cu201d%5Cu2014harmonic%20routines%20arising%20through%20the%20convergence%20of%20independent%20musical%20phenomena%20that%20together%20project%20a%20punctuative%20function.%20Through%20processes%20of%20attribute%20substitution%20and%20subtraction%2C%20a%20cadential%20genre%20can%20adapt%20to%20shifting%20scoring%20practices%20and%20generic%20expectations.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222013%5C%2F12%5C%2F01%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fmtosmt.org%5C%2Fissues%5C%2Fmto.13.19.4%5C%2Fmto.13.19.4.lehman.html%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WHU7WDGL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-08-22T18%3A42%3A21Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22ILP9VENK%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4354635%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Lehman%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ELehman%2C%20Frank.%202018.%20%26%23x201C%3BThe%20Themes%20of%20Star%20Wars%3A%20Catalogue%20and%20Commentary.%26%23x201D%3B%20In%20%3Ci%3EJohn%20Williams%3A%20Music%20for%20Films%2C%20Television%2C%20and%20the%20Concert%20Stage%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20edited%20by%20Emilio%20Audissino%2C%20153%26%23x2013%3B89.%20Contemporary%20Composers%2C%20volume%201.%20Turnhout%3A%20Brepols.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22bookSection%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20Themes%20of%20Star%20Wars%3A%20Catalogue%20and%20Commentary%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Frank%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lehman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Emilio%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Audissino%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20goal%20of%20this%20chapter%20is%20to%20provide%20a%20thorough%20catalogue%20of%20recurrent%20thematic%20materials%20in%20the%20Star%20Wars%20musical%20universe%2C%20including%20the%20Original%20Trilogy%20%28Episodes%204-6%29%2C%20Prequel%20Trilogy%20%28Episodes%201-3%29%2C%20and%20the%20current%20entries%20in%20the%20Sequel%20Trilogy%20%28Episodes%207-8%29.%20My%20aim%20is%20not%20to%20overthrow%20conventional%20wisdom%20surrounding%20the%20thematic%20constituents%20of%20the%20Star%20Wars%20saga%2C%20but%20rather%20to%20add%20clarity%20and%20rigour%20in%20areas%20where%20they%20are%20needed.%20Moreover%2C%20I%20do%20not%20plan%20to%20closely%20analyse%20the%20structure%20and%20development%20of%20each%20and%20every%20theme%2C%20measure%20by%20measure%3B%20this%20would%20be%20a%20valuable%20undertaking%2C%20but%20one%20for%20another%20essay.%20My%20hope%20is%20that%20this%20thematic%20catalogue%2C%20compiled%20in%20a%20systematic%20and%20exhaustive%20manner%20and%20with%20an%20eye%20for%20the%20complexities%20-%20and%20inconsistencies%20-%20of%20%28leit%29%20motivic%20scoring%2C%20will%20offer%20a%20useful%20and%20authoritative%20reference%20source%20for%20anyone%20studying%20these%20films%20in%20the%20future.%22%2C%22bookTitle%22%3A%22John%20Williams%3A%20music%20for%20films%2C%20television%2C%20and%20the%20concert%20stage%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22978-2-503-58034-0%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WHU7WDGL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-08-22T18%3A43%3A25Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22UBW3YMTT%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4354635%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Lehman%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018-06-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ELehman%2C%20Frank.%202018.%20%26%23x201C%3BPantriadic%20Wonder.%26%23x201D%3B%20In%20%3Ci%3EHollywood%20Harmony%3A%20Musical%20Wonder%20and%20the%20Sound%20of%20Cinema%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%201%20edition%2C%20165%26%23x2013%3B98.%20New%20York%2C%20NY%3A%20Oxford%20University%20Press.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22bookSection%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Pantriadic%20Wonder%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Frank%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lehman%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22This%20chapter%20focuses%20on%20the%20wider%20cultural%20and%20psychological%20ramifications%20of%20chromaticism%20in%20film%20music.%20It%20is%20argued%20that%20pantriadicism%20strives%20for%20a%20specific%20affect%3A%20wonderment%2C%20and%20with%20it%20two%20subsidiary%20psychological%20states%2C%20frisson%20and%20awe.%20Both%20literary%20and%20cognitive%5C%2Fpsychological%20accounts%20are%20given%20for%20this%20affect%5Cu2019s%20connection%20with%20harmony%2C%20with%20particular%20emphasis%20on%20the%20relationship%20of%20emotion%20and%20musical%20expectation.%20Frisson%20and%20awe%20have%20distinctive%20temporal%20profiles%2C%20leading%20to%20an%20evaluation%20of%20theoretical%20and%20empirical%20work%20on%20subjective%20temporality%20in%20connection%20with%20chromaticism.%20The%20analytical%20ramifications%20of%20this%20theory%20of%20chromatic%20temporality%20are%20examined%20with%20respect%20to%20a%20single%20largescale%20case%20study%2C%20Howard%20Shore%5Cu2019s%20music%20for%20the%20Lord%20of%20the%20Rings%20trilogy.%20In%20the%20process%2C%20the%20author%20finds%20ways%20of%20integrating%20two%20traditionally%20separate%20analytical%20approaches%3A%20transformational%20networks%20and%20cognitive%20models%20of%20musical%20expectation.%22%2C%22bookTitle%22%3A%22Hollywood%20Harmony%3A%20Musical%20Wonder%20and%20the%20Sound%20of%20Cinema%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22June%201%2C%202018%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22English%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22978-0-19-060640-4%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WHU7WDGL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-08-22T18%3A44%3A50Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%226A23AN6Y%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4354635%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Levinson%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222006-10-05%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ELevinson%2C%20Jerrold.%202006.%20%26%23x201C%3BFilm%20Music%20and%20Narrative%20Agency.%26%23x201D%3B%20In%20%3Ci%3EContemplating%20Art%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20143%26%23x2013%3B83.%20New%20York%3A%20Oxford%20University%20Press.%20https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1093%5C%2Facprof%3Aoso%5C%2F9780199206179.001.0001.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22bookSection%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Film%20Music%20and%20Narrative%20Agency%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jerrold%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Levinson%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22In%20this%20essay%20I%20address%20certain%20issues%20about%20paradigmatic%20film%20music%2C%20that%20is%2C%20the%20music%20that%20is%20often%20heard%20in%20the%20course%20of%20a%20fiction%20film%20but%20that%20does%20not%20originate%20in%20or%20issue%20from%20the%20fictional%20world%20revealed%20on%20screen.%20What%20most%20interests%20me%20is%20the%20question%2C%20which%20confronts%20every%20filmgoer%20at%20some%20level%2C%20and%20to%20which%20he%20or%20she%20must%2C%20explicitly%20or%20implicitly%2C%20accord%20an%20answer%2C%20of%20who%20or%20what%20is%20responsible%20for%20such%20music.%20That%20is%20to%20say%2C%20to%20what%20agency%20is%20film%20music%20assigned%20by%20a%20comprehending%20viewer%2C%20and%20what%20is%20this%20music%20understood%20to%20be%20doing%2C%20in%20relation%20either%20to%20the%20film%5Cu2019s%20internal%20narrative%2C%20the%20viewer%5Cu2019s%20experience%20of%20that%20narrative%2C%20or%20the%20film%20as%20an%20aesthetic%20whole%3F%20Furthermore%2C%20by%20what%20principle%20does%20a%20viewer%20assign%2C%20however%20tacitly%2C%20responsibility%20for%20the%20music%20he%20or%20she%20hears%3F%20It%20will%20turn%20out%20that%20different%20answers%20to%20this%20question%20of%20agency%20are%20in%20order%20from%20one%20film%20to%20another%2C%20and%20even%20from%20one%20cue%20to%20another%20within%20a%20given%20film.%20The%20upshot%20is%20a%20basic%20division%20within%20the%20realm%20of%20film%20music%2C%20one%20I%20have%20not%20seen%20marked%20elsewhere%2C%20but%20which%20is%20probably%20more%20fundamental%20than%20others%20that%20are%20regularly%20noted.%22%2C%22bookTitle%22%3A%22Contemplating%20Art%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222006-10-05%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22978-0-19-920617-9%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.oxfordscholarship.com%5C%2Fview%5C%2F10.1093%5C%2Facprof%3Aoso%5C%2F9780199206179.001.0001%5C%2Facprof-9780199206179%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WHU7WDGL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-08-22T18%3A46%3A27Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22W8F8Y69B%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4354635%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Motazedian%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EMotazedian%2C%20T%26%23xE1%3Bhirih.%202023.%20%26%23x201C%3BTonal%20Analysis%20of%20the%20Integrated%20Soundtrack%3A%20Music%2C%20Sound%2C%20and%20Dialogue%20in%20Baby%20Driver.%26%23x201D%3B%20In%20%3Ci%3EMusic%20Analysis%20and%20Film%3A%20Studying%20the%20Score%3A%20A%20Routledge%20Handbook%20on%20Music%20and%20Screen%20Media%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20edited%20by%20Frank%20Lehman%2C%2019.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22bookSection%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Tonal%20Analysis%20of%20the%20Integrated%20Soundtrack%3A%20Music%2C%20Sound%2C%20and%20Dialogue%20in%20Baby%20Driver%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T%5Cu00e1hirih%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Motazedian%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Frank%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lehman%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Key%20is%20one%20of%20the%20simplest%20building%20blocks%20of%20music%20and%20one%20of%20the%20most%20foundational%20properties%20of%20a%20work%5Cu2019s%20musical%20identity.%20We%20study%20keys%20and%20tonal%20relationships%20in%20virtually%20every%20type%20of%20canonical%20music%2C%20but%20for%20a%20variety%20of%20historical%20reasons%2C%20analysts%20have%20been%20hesitant%20to%20approach%20film%20in%20this%20way.%20This%20chapter%20will%20show%20how%20exploring%20this%20longignored%20parameter%20in%20film%20music%20can%20contribute%20to%20our%20understanding%20of%20a%20film%20and%20its%20many%20layers%20of%20meaning.%20The%20analytical%20approach%20begins%20by%20granting%20the%20different%20components%20of%20the%20soundtrack%20%28original%20scoring%2C%20pre-existing%20music%2C%20pitched%20sound%20effects%2C%20and%20pitched%20dialogue%29%20comparable%20status%20as%20peer%20elements%20in%20the%20harmonic%20fabric%20of%20a%20film.%20We%20can%20then%20approach%20the%20unified%20soundtrack%20as%20one%20cohesive%20musical%20%5Cu201ccomposition%5Cu201d%20and%20explore%20how%20tonality%20interacts%20with%20the%20structure%20and%20narrative%20of%20the%20film.%20A%20variety%20of%20film%20examples%20will%20illustrate%20how%20techniques%20such%20as%20associative%20tonality%2C%20intertextual%20tonality%2C%20and%20directional%20tonality%20function%20in%20the%20setting%20of%20a%20soundtrack%2C%20and%20how%20studying%20the%20tonal%20characteristics%20of%20a%20soundtrack%20can%20add%20significant%20interpretive%20value%20to%20our%20engagement%20with%20film.%22%2C%22bookTitle%22%3A%22Music%20Analysis%20and%20Film%3A%20Studying%20the%20Score%3A%20A%20Routledge%20Handbook%20on%20Music%20and%20Screen%20Media%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WHU7WDGL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-08-17T18%3A24%3A04Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22AF748B6G%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4354635%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Neumeyer%20and%20Buhler%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222001%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ENeumeyer%2C%20David%2C%20and%20James%20Buhler.%202001.%20%26%23x201C%3BAnalytical%20and%20Interpretive%20Approaches%20to%20Film%20Music%20%28I%29%3A%20Analysing%20the%20Music.%26%23x201D%3B%20In%20%3Ci%3EFilm%20Music%3A%20Critical%20Approaches%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20edited%20by%20Kevin%20J.%20Donnelly%2C%2016%26%23x2013%3B38.%20Edinburgh%3A%20Edinburgh%20University%20Press.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22bookSection%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Analytical%20and%20Interpretive%20Approaches%20to%20Film%20Music%20%28I%29%3A%20Analysing%20the%20Music%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Neumeyer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22James%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Buhler%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kevin%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Donnelly%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20scope%20of%20the%20present%20chapter%20is%20restricted%20to%20outlining%20analytical%20approaches%20that%20privilege%20the%20music%20itself.%20Here%20we%20treat%20issues%20ranging%20from%20the%20efficacy%20of%20analysing%20%27purely%27%20musical%20parameters%2C%20such%20as%20pitch%20relations%20and%20tonal%20design%2C%20to%20analysis%20of%20semantic%20properties%20of%20musical%20elements%2C%20including%20leitmotiv%20and%20style%20topics.%20This%20approach%20does%20distort%20the%20filmic%20experience%20of%20most%20viewers%2C%20to%20be%20sure%2C%20but%20it%20has%20the%20advantage%20of%20focusing%20attention%20on%20the%20extensive%20work%20that%20music%20performs%20in%20shaping%20the%20filmic%20experience.%20The%20basic%20assumption%20is%20that%20music%20runs%20parallel%20to%20the%20imagetrack%2C%20which%2C%20on%20a%20theoretical%20level%2C%20can%20be%20conceived%20as%20a%20sort%20of%20%27super-libretto%27%20to%20the%20music.%20Thus%20we%20can%20focus%20on%20music%20while%20acknowledging%20that%20it%20%28like%20all%20of%20film%20sound%29%20remains%20subordinate%20to%20the%20image.%22%2C%22bookTitle%22%3A%22Film%20Music%3A%20Critical%20Approaches%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222001%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WHU7WDGL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-08-22T18%3A49%3A00Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22MGVRMAXX%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4354635%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Phillips%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EPhillips%2C%20Winifred.%202014.%20%26%23x201C%3BThe%20Importance%20of%20Themes.%26%23x201D%3B%20In%20%3Ci%3EA%20Composer%26%23x2019%3Bs%20Guide%20to%20Game%20Music%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%2055%26%23x2013%3B74.%20Cambridge%2C%20Massachusetts%3A%20The%20MIT%20Press.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22bookSection%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20Importance%20of%20Themes%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Winifred%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Phillips%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Game%20music%2C%20like%20other%20forms%20of%20popular%20music%2C%20is%20experienced%20frequently%20while%20the%20listener%20is%20also%20doing%20something%20else.%20According%20to%20research%20conducted%20at%20the%20University%20of%20Geneva%2C%20the%20power%20of%20music%20to%20rekindle%20memories%20of%20emotional%20experiences%20from%20the%20past%20is%20due%20particularly%20to%20the%20pervasive%20nature%20of%20music%20in%20social%20life%20and%20during%20special%20activities%20%28Scherer%20and%20Zentner%202001%29.%20Because%20music%20often%20becomes%20connected%20with%20the%20memory%20of%20an%20activity%2C%20it%20also%20acquires%20special%20significance%20and%20personal%20associations.%20For%20instance%2C%20a%20popular%20love%20song%20can%20instantly%20bring%20back%20memories%20of%20a%20first%20date%2C%20a%20rock%20anthem%20can%20reignite%20the%20memory%20of%20winning%20a%20particular%20sporting%20event%2C%20and%20a%20video%20game%20melody%20can%20bring%20back%20the%20memory%20of%20defeating%20a%20powerful%20boss.%20This%20may%20be%20the%20reason%20why%20game%20music%20cover%20bands%20exist.%20The%20relationship%20people%20experience%20with%20game%20music%20shares%20common%20ground%20with%20the%20place%20that%20popular%20music%20occupies%20in%20their%20lives.%20Both%20forms%20of%20music%20serve%20as%20the%20soundtrack%20to%20significant%20personal%20actions%2C%20and%20hearing%20the%20music%20associated%20with%20those%20actions%20has%20the%20strong%20potential%20to%20bring%20back%20vivid%20memories.%20Game%20melodies%20may%20in%20fact%20function%20as%20mnemonic%20ambassadors%20for%20the%20games%20from%20which%20they%20come%2C%20reminding%20players%20vividly%20of%20the%20fun%20they%20had%20while%20playing.%22%2C%22bookTitle%22%3A%22A%20composer%27s%20guide%20to%20game%20music%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22978-0-262-02664-2%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WHU7WDGL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-08-22T18%3A49%3A42Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22FXH6TPCM%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4354635%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Plank%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EPlank%2C%20Dana%20M.%202018.%20%26%23x201C%3BBodies%20in%20Play%3A%20Representations%20of%20Disability%20in%208-%20and%2016-Bit%20Video%20Game%20Soundscapes.%26%23x201D%3B%20Ph.D.%20diss.%2C%20Columbus%2C%20OH%3A%20The%20Ohio%20State%20University.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22thesis%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Bodies%20in%20Play%3A%20Representations%20of%20Disability%20in%208-%20and%2016-bit%20Video%20Game%20Soundscapes%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dana%20M%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Plank%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22This%20dissertation%20explores%20sonic%20signifiers%20of%20injury%2C%20disease%2C%20and%20mental%20illness%20in%208-%20and%2016bit%20video%20game%20soundscapes.%20The%20immediacy%20and%20invasiveness%20of%20the%20medium%20makes%20game%20sound%20uniquely%20positioned%20to%20influence%20players%5Cu2019%20personal%20identification%20and%20immersion%20within%20the%20narrative%2C%20and%20incorporation%20within%20the%20body%20of%20the%20avatar.%20Games%20replicate%20social%20discourse%20about%20the%20meanings%20of%20bodies%2C%20and%20tell%20stories%20that%20matter%20in%20a%20medium%20that%20engenders%20an%20unusually%20deep%20personal%20engagement.%20In%20order%20to%20confront%20these%20sonic%20signifiers%2C%20I%20subject%20my%20own%20transcriptions%20of%20game%20audio%20to%20analysis%20drawing%20on%20disability%20studies%2C%20ludomusicology%20%28the%20study%20of%20music%20and%20play%2C%20usually%20focusing%20on%20video%20games%29%2C%20and%20music%20cognition%20literatures%20to%20implicate%20games%20in%20broader%20discourses%20of%20human%20difference%20and%20media%20representation.%20In%20games%2C%20bodily%20impairments%20are%20treated%20not%20as%20part%20of%20a%20nuanced%20spectrum%20of%20lived%20experience%2C%20but%20as%20obstacles%20to%20overcome.%20Game%20sound%20often%20represents%20these%20mechanics%20in%20the%20abstract%2C%20to%20communicate%20changes%20in%20game%20states%20to%20the%20player%2C%20and%20so%20the%20soundscape%20becomes%20a%20vital%20arbiter%20of%20meaning%20and%20action.%20Players%5Cu2019%20responses%20to%20these%20aural%20cues%20is%20to%20seek%20a%20cure%2C%20reading%20disabilities%20as%20temporary%20setbacks%20in%20performance%2C%20cues%20to%20restore%20the%20avatar%20to%20%5Cu201cnormal.%5Cu201d%20Game%20sounds%20reinforce%20ableist%20ideals%2C%20promoting%20an%20unrealistic%20view%20of%20the%20idealized%20normative%20body%20and%20mind%20as%20achievable%20constants%20and%20reflecting%20deep%20cultural%20anxieties%20about%20the%20implications%20of%20bodily%20difference.%5Cn%5Cn%5Bch%204%5D%20This%20chapter%20will%20explore%20how%20game%20sound%20communicates%20pain%2C%20violence%2C%20and%20disease%20through%20iconic%20aural%20representation%20of%20both%20exterior%20events%20%28physical%20impacts%2C%20vocalizations%20of%20exertion%2C%20or%20responses%20to%20injury%29%20and%20interior%20states%20%28symptoms%20of%20illness%20or%20sensations%20of%20pain%29.%20Sounds%20communicating%20temporary%20forms%20of%20disablement%20in%20games%20are%20omnipresent%2C%20as%20a%20large%20number%20of%20games%20rely%20on%20the%20health%20and%20able%20body%20of%20the%20avatar%20as%20a%20central%20game%20mechanic.%20However%2C%20this%20seemingly-simple%20representation%20of%20negative%20motivators%20in%20the%20game%20state%20invokes%20complex%20discourses%20on%20the%20nature%20of%20pain%2C%20violence%2C%20gender%2C%20and%20chronic%20illness.%22%2C%22thesisType%22%3A%22Ph.D.%20diss.%22%2C%22university%22%3A%22The%20Ohio%20State%20University%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WHU7WDGL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-10-12T14%3A09%3A34Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22JJUYVEDY%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4354635%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Rogers%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ERogers%2C%20Lynne%2C%20Karen%20M%20Bottge%2C%20and%20Sara%20Haefeli.%202020.%20%3Ci%3EWriting%20in%20Music%3A%20A%20Brief%20Guide%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20New%20York%3A%20Oxford%20University%20Press.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Writing%20in%20music%3A%20a%20brief%20guide%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lynne%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rogers%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Karen%20M%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bottge%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sara%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Haefeli%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Writing%20in%20Music%20demystifies%20music%20writing%20conventions%20and%20methods%20by%20offering%20strategies%20for%20the%20types%20of%20writing%20that%20students%20most%20often%20encounter%20in%20college%20courses%20on%20music.%20The%20book%20offers%20guidance%20through%20the%20writing%20process%20and%2C%20for%20research%20assignments%2C%20through%20the%20research%20process.%20Geared%20for%20an%20audience%20of%20music%20majors%20and%20other%20students%20taking%20undergraduate%20music-major%20courses--as%20well%20as%20for%20master%27s%20students%20in%20music%20desiring%20more%20training%20in%20academic%20writing--Writing%20in%20Music%20covers%20the%20two%20approaches%20common%20to%20academic%20coursework%20in%20virtually%20all%20music-major%20programs%3A%20the%20study%20of%20music%20with%20a%20focus%20on%20its%20cultural%20and%20historical%20contexts%2C%20and%20the%20exploration%20of%20works%20using%20the%20tools%20of%20music%20analysis.%20Whether%20students%20want%20to%20apply%20a%20specific%20approach%20or%20take%20a%20broader%2C%20interdisciplinary%20stance%2C%20this%20guide%20prepares%20them%20to%20think%20and%20write%20about%20music.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22English%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22978-0-19-087272-4%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22LG97ZX6R%22%2C%22ZU2VJFWP%22%2C%22WHU7WDGL%22%2C%2297WYTDHD%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-01-13T16%3A28%3A13Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22XUFUXYMF%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4354635%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Shinsky%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EShinsky%2C%20Julissa.%202022.%20%26%23x201C%3BThe%20Post-Feminist%20Myth%3A%20Scores%20for%20Serialized%20Dramas.%26%23x201D%3B%20Ph.D.%20diss.%2C%20Austin%2C%20TX%3A%20The%20University%20of%20Texas%20at%20Austin.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22thesis%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20Post-Feminist%20Myth%3A%20Scores%20for%20Serialized%20Dramas%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Julissa%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Shinsky%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22My%20project%2C%20an%20investigation%20of%20music%20for%20serialized%20dramatic%20television%20shows%20from%20the%20years%201995%5Cu20132010%2C%20examines%20a%20media%20response%20to%20an%20evident%20cultural%20shift%20on%20the%20definition%20and%20social%20expectations%20of%20women%2C%20especially%20in%20how%20this%20is%20enacted%20through%20the%20score.%20This%20era%20was%20part%20of%20a%20defining%20moment%20for%20television%20as%20an%20entertainment%20medium%20and%20as%20a%20mode%20of%20storytelling.%20Robert%20Thompson%20identifies%20this%20shift%20in%20television%20narratives%20and%20coins%20the%20term%20quality%20TV.%20For%20Thompson%2C%20quality%20TV%20is%20not%20regular%20TV%20and%20instead%20opts%20for%20artistry%20over%20formulaic%20stories.%20This%20emphasis%20on%20innovation%20also%20affected%20the%20ways%20women%20were%20portrayed%20on%20screen.%20Shows%20such%20as%20Buffy%20the%20Vampire%20Slayer%20%281998-2003%29%2C%20Xena%3A%20Warrior%20Princess%20%2819952001%29%2C%20and%20Gilmore%20Girls%20%282000-2007%29%2C%20updated%20and%20transformed%20inherited%20female%20character%20representations%20on%20screen%2C%20which%20reflect%20not%20only%20changes%20in%20TV%2C%20but%20in%20the%20cultural%20feminist%20narrative.%20This%20work%20is%20especially%20concerned%20with%20the%20post-feminist%20era%20and%20the%20simultaneous%2C%20though%20contradictory%20truths%20of%20quantifiable%20improvements%20for%20women%20which%20are%20undermined%20by%20restrictions%20of%20feminine%20behavior.%20My%20dissertation%20addresses%20this%20in%20part%20by%20laying%20out%20a%20new%20typology%20of%20female%20characters%20which%20offers%20alternative%20ways%20of%20thinking%20about%20goals%2C%20agency%2C%20and%20subjectivity%20of%20female%20characters.%20In%20particular%2C%20I%20note%20how%20music%20depicts%20shifts%20in%20the%20narrativ%5Cn%5Cnviii%20priorities%20for%20the%20new%20iterations%20of%20female%20characters%2C%20helps%20to%20define%20the%20new%20modes%20of%20quality%20TV%20storytelling%2C%20and%20echoes%20Angela%20McRobbie%5Cu2019s%20observations%20of%20%5Cu201cdouble%20entanglement%5Cu201d%20in%20supposed%20post-feminism%20during%20this%20era.%20My%20analysis%20shows%20that%20the%20music%20enacts%20such%20sociological%20dichotomies%20and%20simultaneous%20truths%20of%20post-feminism.%20While%20historically%20a%20handful%20of%20important%20shows%20like%20I%20Love%20Lucy%20%281951-1957%29%2C%20The%20Mary%20Tyler%20Moore%20Show%20%281970-1977%29%2C%20Cagney%20%26%20Lacey%20%281981-1988%29%2C%20and%20Murphy%20Brown%20%281988-1998%29%20featured%20independent%20female%20characters%2C%20a%20huge%20influx%20of%20female-centered%20storylines%20and%20hourlong%20primetime%20dramas%20began%20in%20the%20mid-1990s.%20Of%20the%20new%20series%20premiered%20in%201995%20with%20female%20protagonists%2C%20most%20featured%20new%20tropes%20and%20storylines%20that%20emphasized%20success%20attained%20in%20the%20workplace%20and%20through%20personal%20fulfillment%20rather%20than%20just%20through%20romantic%20attachment%20or%20building%20a%20family.%20Additionally%2C%20previous%20representations%20were%20limited%20to%20only%20a%20single%20positive%2C%20or%20masculinized%2C%20trait%2C%20such%20as%20%5Cu201cstrong%5Cu201d%20or%20%5Cu201cindependent.%5Cu201d%20Complex%20representation%20in%20the%20mid-late%201990s%20allows%20for%20far%20more%20intricate%20character%20constructs%2C%20especially%20for%20contradictions%20without%20fear%20of%20a%20double%20standard%20being%20enforced%20through%20punishment.%20Music%20contributes%20greatly%20to%20endowing%20these%20new%20characters%20with%20a%20sense%20of%20extended%20subjectivity%2C%20and%20my%20work%20uses%20close%20analysis%20of%20this%20music%20to%20identify%20aural%20signifiers%20that%20mark%20the%20new%20goals%2C%20agency%2C%20and%20sense%20of%20self%20that%20distinguishes%20these%20characters%20from%20previous%20female%20characters%20on%20television.%20Considering%20female%20characters%20in%20film%20and%20television%20in%20terms%20of%20their%20role%20as%20love%20object%20or%20object%20of%20desire%20and%20the%20male%20gaze%20has%20been%20a%20useful%20analytical%20model%20for%20describing%20the%20function%20of%20women%20in%20the%20narrative.1%20The%20music%20for%20women%20as%20the%20love%20object%20has%20been%20explored%20in%20terms%20of%20instrumentation%2C%20orchestration%2C%20thematic%20continuity%2C%20and%20clich%5Cu00e9d%20restrictions%20meant%20to%201%20Laura%20Mulvey%2C%20%5Cu201cVisual%20Pleasure%20and%20Narrative%20Cinema%2C%5Cu201d%20Screen%2016.3%20%281975%29%3A%206%5Cu201318%5Cn%5Cnix%20alert%20the%20listener%20to%20the%20favorable%20romantic%20choice2%2C%20despite%20offering%20the%20vast%20majority%20of%20the%20agency%20to%20the%20male%20lead.%20These%20scoring%20practices%20acted%20as%20restrictive%20rules%20that%20dictated%20the%20ways%20in%20which%20women%20could%20be%20represented%20through%20music%20from%20Classic%20Hollywood%20through%20the%20Golden%20Age%20of%20Television.%20Quality%20TV%20embraced%20post-feminism%20by%20breaking%20these%20so-called%20rules%20and%20expanding%20female%20character%20representation%20even%20while%20contributing%20to%20the%20double%20entanglement%20by%20perpetuating%20gender%20roles%20or%20gender%20bending%20pre-existing%20stereotypes.%20This%20is%20partly%20due%20to%20the%20music%20accompanying%20these%20women%20which%20helps%20to%20reinforce%20gender%20constructs.%20The%20serialized%20dramatic%20television%20series%20that%20appeared%20from%201995%5Cu20132010%20were%20part%20of%20an%20important%20cultural%20shift%20in%20television%20for%20the%20United%20States%20that%20created%20new%20roles%20for%20female%20characters.%20This%20dissertation%20focuses%20on%20the%20musical%20scores%20to%20these%20shows%2C%20both%20original%20compositions%20and%20popular%20music%2C%20and%20examines%20how%20this%20music%20articulated%20a%20new%20level%20of%20subjectivity%20for%20these%20female%20characters%2C%20shaping%20the%20representation%20in%20television%20for%20this%20era.%20The%20central%20goal%20of%20this%20dissertation%20is%20to%20tease%20out%20the%20ways%20music%20influenced%20the%20female%20construction%20in%20these%20shows%20while%20working%20to%20situate%20them%20in%20a%20post-feminist%20cultural%20narrative.%20The%20music%20for%20these%20shows%2C%20which%20indicates%20a%20new%20increased%20subjectivity%20in%20comparison%20to%20previous%20female%20representation%2C%20suggests%20far%20more%20complex%20treatment%20of%20character%20than%20the%20existing%20critical%20literature%20allows.%20Additionally%2C%20the%20use%20of%20historical%20contextual%20framing%20helps%20to%20draw%20conclusions%20about%20the%20stakes%20of%20women%5Cu2019s%20politics%20during%20this%20decade.%20My%20dissertation%20not%20only%20opens%20a%20new%20field%20of%20analysis%20for%20music%20and%20media%20scholars%2C%20specifically%20the%20relatively%20underrepresented%20music%20and%20television%2C%20but%20it%20also%20allows%20for%20an%20increased%20discourse%20about%20the%20influence%20of%20music%20in%20complex%20narratives%20for%20media%20scholars.%22%2C%22thesisType%22%3A%22Ph.D.%20diss.%22%2C%22university%22%3A%22The%20University%20of%20Texas%20at%20Austin%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WHU7WDGL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-10-04T19%3A28%3A45Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22HJGHKR9M%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4354635%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22van%20Elferen%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EElferen%2C%20Isabella%20van.%202013.%20%26%23x201C%3BFantasy%20Music%3A%20Epic%20Soundtracks%2C%20Magical%20Instruments%2C%20Musical%20Metaphysics.%26%23x201D%3B%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20the%20Fantastic%20in%20the%20Arts%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2024%20%281%29%3A%204%26%23x2013%3B24.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Fantasy%20Music%3A%20Epic%20Soundtracks%2C%20Magical%20Instruments%2C%20Musical%20Metaphysics%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Isabella%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22van%20Elferen%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22This%20article%20charts%20the%20ways%20in%20which%20fantastic%20music%20is%20described%20in%20literature%20and%20composed%20in%20film%20and%20computer%20game%20soundtracks%2C%20and%20assesses%20the%20roles%20that%20music%20plays%20in%20fantasy.%20Can%20this%20music%20be%20described%20in%20words%3F%20If%20it%20were%20to%20be%20transmitted%20in%20scores%20and%20played%20by%20musicians%2C%20what%20would%20it%20sound%20like%3F%20And%20most%20importantly%3A%20how%20is%20the%20magic%20ascribed%20to%20fantasy%20music%20to%20be%20understood%3F%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WHU7WDGL%22%2C%22DEUGVJDA%22%2C%22M4P2S6YD%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-08-22T18%3A56%3A07Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22JZLWMMD2%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4354635%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Yee%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EYee%2C%20Thomas%20B.%20forthcoming.%20%26%23x201C%3BRacialized%20Fantasy%3A%20Authenticity%2C%20Appropriation%2C%20and%20Stereotype%20in%20Super%20Mario%20Odyssey.%26%23x201D%3B%20In%20%3Ci%3EMusic%20and%20Sonic%20Environments%20in%20Video%20Games%3A%20Listening%20to%20and%20Performing%20Ludic%20Soundscapes%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20edited%20by%20Kate%20Galloway%20and%20Elizabeth%20Hambleton.%20London%3A%20Routledge.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22bookSection%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Racialized%20Fantasy%3A%20Authenticity%2C%20Appropriation%2C%20and%20Stereotype%20in%20Super%20Mario%20Odyssey%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Thomas%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yee%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kate%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Galloway%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Elizabeth%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hambleton%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Denunciations%20of%20racism%20and%20whitewashing%20in%20the%20live-action%20adaptation%20of%20Avatar%3A%20the%20Last%20Airbender%20erupted%20over%20its%20all-White%20casting%20of%20protagonists%20in%20a%20fictional%20world%20saturated%20with%20Asian%20and%20Native%20American%20influences.%20But%20why%20should%20racial%20representation%20matter%20in%20fantasy%20worlds%3F%20The%20reason%20may%20be%20termed%20racialized%20fantasy%20%5Cu2013%20designing%20a%20fantasy%20world%5Cu2019s%20culture%20with%20traits%20associated%20with%20a%20particular%20real-world%20culture%20%28Chien%20in%20Malkowski%20and%20Russworm%202017%29.%20After%20the%202020%20death%20of%20George%20Floyd%20resulting%20in%20worldwide%20cries%20for%20racial%20justice%2C%20examining%20racial%20representation%20in%20video%20game%20music%20is%20crucial.%20Super%20Mario%20Odyssey%20sparked%20controversy%20over%20its%20Mexico-themed%20Tostarena%20world%2C%20widely%20criticized%20by%20Latinx%20communities.%20However%2C%20the%20case%5Cu2019s%20specifically-musical%20considerations%20remain%20underexplored%2C%20and%20detailed%20music-theoretical%20analysis%20yields%20fruitful%20results.%5CnProducer%20Yoshiaki%20Koizumi%20describes%20Super%20Mario%20Odyssey%5Cu2019s%20central%20theme%20as%20%5Cu2018world%20travel%2C%5Cu2019%20affording%20a%20tantalizing%20case%20study%20of%20musical%20globalism%20in%20a%20fantasy%20gameworld.%20I%20analyze%20two%20tracks%20from%20Sand%20Kingdom%20Tostarena%20and%20two%20from%20Bowser%5Cu2019s%20Kingdom%2C%20respectively%20influenced%20by%20Mexican%20and%20Japanese%20music%20%28Tawa%202020%2C%20Acevedo%202020%29.%20One%20possible%20approach%20evaluates%20based%20on%20authenticity%20%5Cu2013%20fidelity%20to%20the%20original%20culture%5Cu2019s%20musical%20traditions.%20However%2C%20all%20four%20exhibit%20both%20congruence%20with%20and%20divergence%20from%20tradition%3B%20additionally%2C%20discourse%20over%20authenticity%20ultimately%20contributes%20to%20dynamics%20of%20commodification%2C%20appropriation%2C%20and%20power%20%28Spooner%201986%2C%20Said%201979%29.%20An%20alternative%20lens%20employs%20stereotype%20to%20identify%20problematic%5Cncultural%20representation%2C%20drawing%20on%20scholarship%20in%20media%20studies%2C%20exoticism%2C%20orientalism%2C%20and%20%5Cu2018world%20music.%5Cu2019%20The%20critical%20distinction%20now%20becomes%20clearer%3B%20whereas%20the%20music%20of%20Bowser%5Cu2019s%20Castle%20moves%20beyond%20simple%20exoticism%20to%20a%20productive%20blend%20of%20Japanese%20and%20European%20styles%2C%20Tostarena%5Cu2019s%20score%20trades%20on%20stereotypical%20mariachi%20music%20as%20a%20marker%20of%20difference%20rather%20than%20its%20own%20rhetorical%20argument.%20Music-semitoic%20analysis%20thus%20justifies%20critique%20of%20Tostarena%5Cu2019s%20soundtrack%2C%20articulating%20a%20heuristic%20for%20discerning%20problematic%20racial%20representation.%22%2C%22bookTitle%22%3A%22Music%20and%20Sonic%20Environments%20in%20Video%20Games%3A%20Listening%20to%20and%20Performing%20Ludic%20Soundscapes%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22forthcoming%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WHU7WDGL%22%2C%22DEUGVJDA%22%2C%22M4P2S6YD%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-08-22T18%3A57%3A40Z%22%7D%7D%5D%7D
Agawu, V. Kofi. 1991. Playing with Signs: A Semiotic Interpretation of Classic Music. Princeton: University of Princeton Press.
Anatone, Richard. Forthcoming. “Leitmotivic Strategies in Nobuo Uematsu’s Final Fantasy Soundtracks.” Music Theory Spectrum.
Atkinson, Sean E. 2019. “Soaring Through the Sky: Topics and Tropes in Video Game Music.” Music Theory Online 25 (2). https://doi.org/10.30535/mto.25.2.1.
Bourne, Janet. 2021. “Hearing Film Music Topics Outside the Movie Theatre: Listening Cinematically to Pastorals.” In The Oxford Handbook of Cinematic Listening, by Janet Bourne, edited by Carlo Cenciarelli, 548–74. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190853617.013.15.
Bribitzer-Stull, Matthew. 2015. “The Modern-Day Leitmotif: Associative Themes in Contemporary Film Music.” In Understanding the Leitmotif: From Wagner to Hollywood Film Music, 255–300. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781316161678.
Buhler, James. 2018. “Critical Theory and the Soundtrack.” In Theories of the Soundtrack, 187–220. New York: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199371075.001.0001.
Burke, Kevin R. 2023. “Hard Limitations and Soft Possibilities: A ‘Systematic’ History of Early Video Game Sound Technology.” In The Oxford Handbook of Video Game Music and Sound, edited by Mark Nicholas Grimshaw-Aagaard and William Gibbons. New York: Oxford University Press.
Collins, Karen. 2008. Game Sound: An Introduction to the History, Theory, and Practice of Video Game Music and Sound Design. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/7909.001.0001.
Gibbons, William. 2018. “Playing with Music History.” In Unlimited Replays: Video Games and Classical Music, 19–35. New York: Oxford University Press.
Klein, Michael Leslie. 2005. “On Codes, Topics, and Leaps of Interpretation.” In Intertextuality in Western Art Music, 51–76. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.
Lavengood, Megan L. 2019. “Timbre, Genre, and Polystylism in Sonic the Hedgehog 3.” In On Popular Music and Its Unruly Entanglements, edited by Nick Braae and Kai Arne Hansen, 209–34. London: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18099-7.
Lavengood, Megan, and Evan Williams. 2023. “The Common Cold: Using Computational Musicology to Define the Winter Topic in Video Game Music.” Music Theory Online 29 (1). https://doi.org/10.30535/mto.29.1.0.
Lehman, Frank. 2013. “Hollywood Cadences: Music and the Structure of Cinematic Expectation.” Music Theory Online 19 (4). https://mtosmt.org/issues/mto.13.19.4/mto.13.19.4.lehman.html.
Lehman, Frank. 2018. “The Themes of Star Wars: Catalogue and Commentary.” In John Williams: Music for Films, Television, and the Concert Stage, edited by Emilio Audissino, 153–89. Contemporary Composers, volume 1. Turnhout: Brepols.
Lehman, Frank. 2018. “Pantriadic Wonder.” In Hollywood Harmony: Musical Wonder and the Sound of Cinema, 1 edition, 165–98. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Levinson, Jerrold. 2006. “Film Music and Narrative Agency.” In Contemplating Art, 143–83. New York: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199206179.001.0001.
Motazedian, Táhirih. 2023. “Tonal Analysis of the Integrated Soundtrack: Music, Sound, and Dialogue in Baby Driver.” In Music Analysis and Film: Studying the Score: A Routledge Handbook on Music and Screen Media, edited by Frank Lehman, 19.
Neumeyer, David, and James Buhler. 2001. “Analytical and Interpretive Approaches to Film Music (I): Analysing the Music.” In Film Music: Critical Approaches, edited by Kevin J. Donnelly, 16–38. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Phillips, Winifred. 2014. “The Importance of Themes.” In A Composer’s Guide to Game Music, 55–74. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press.
Plank, Dana M. 2018. “Bodies in Play: Representations of Disability in 8- and 16-Bit Video Game Soundscapes.” Ph.D. diss., Columbus, OH: The Ohio State University.
Rogers, Lynne, Karen M Bottge, and Sara Haefeli. 2020. Writing in Music: A Brief Guide. New York: Oxford University Press.
Shinsky, Julissa. 2022. “The Post-Feminist Myth: Scores for Serialized Dramas.” Ph.D. diss., Austin, TX: The University of Texas at Austin.
Elferen, Isabella van. 2013. “Fantasy Music: Epic Soundtracks, Magical Instruments, Musical Metaphysics.” Journal of the Fantastic in the Arts 24 (1): 4–24.
Yee, Thomas B. forthcoming. “Racialized Fantasy: Authenticity, Appropriation, and Stereotype in Super Mario Odyssey.” In Music and Sonic Environments in Video Games: Listening to and Performing Ludic Soundscapes, edited by Kate Galloway and Elizabeth Hambleton. London: Routledge.